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@#Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) P50, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Bcl-xL mRNA in rats brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) group, and fastigial nucleus lesion (FNL) group. A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 7 and 14 days after operation, the infarct volume was measured, and the protein of NF-кB P50 in rats brain was detected with Western blotting; the expression of TNF-α and Bcl-xL mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Results Compared with I/R group, the expression of NF-кB P50 protein increased in FNS group (P<0.05), with the decrease of expression of TNF-α mRNA (P<0.01) and increase of Bcl-xL mRNA (P<0.05), while the infarct size decreased (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between FNL group and I/R group for all the measurements (P>0.05). Conclusion FNS could induce the expression of P50 protein and Bcl-xL mRNA, and inhibit the expression of TNF-α mRNA, and reduce infarct size, which may associated with the neuroprotection of central nervous system from injury.
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Objective To investigate neuroprotective mechanisms of vinpocetine by observing the effects of vinpocetine injection on the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65,cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the ischemic cortex,and infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was induced by suture method.The rats were randomly divided into a normal control,a cerebral ischemiareperfusion and a vinpocetine groups.They were also divided into either a day 7 subgroup or a day 14 subgroup (n =6 in each subgroup) according to the reperfusion time.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of PPARγand NF-κB P65 in the ischemic cortex.Triphenyl tetrazolium staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Results Western blot showed that at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,expression levels of PPARκ (all P＜0.001) and NF-κB p65 (all P＜0.001) in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,the expression levels of PPARκ (all P ＜0.05) in the vinpocetine group were significantly higher than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,but the expression levels of NF-κB p65 (all P ＜0.05) were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that COX-2 mRNA expression levels were upregulated significantly at day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion compared with the sham operation group (all P ＜ 0.001),the expression levels of COX-2 mRNA in the vinpocetine group were significantly downregulated compared with the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P＜ 0.05).The infarct volumes at day 7 (134.308± 9.954 mm3vs.185.543 ± 9.100 mm3;q=10.659,P＜0.001) and at day 14 (137.865 ± 9.094 mm3vs.183.210±4.368 mm3;q=11.166,P＜0.001) in the vinpocetine group were significantly less than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Conclusions Vimpocetine significantly reduces infarct vohme after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,its mechanism may be associated with upreguhtion of PPARγexpression and downreguhtion of the expressions of NF-κB p65 and COX-2.
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Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation to cerebellar fastigial nucleus on expression of nuclear fac-tor-kappa B (NF-кB) P50, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and Bcl-xL mRNA in rats brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), fasti-gial nucleus stimulation (FNS) group, and fastigial nucleus lesion (FNL) group. A focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 7 and 14 days after operation, the infarct volume was measured, and the protein of NF-кB P50 in rats brain was detected with Western blotting;the expression of TNF-αand Bcl-xL mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Results Com-pared with I/R group, the expression of NF-кB P50 protein increased in FNS group (P0.05). Conclusion FNS could induce the expression of P50 protein and Bcl-xL mRNA, and inhibit the expression of TNF-αmRNA, and reduce infarct size, which may associated with the neuroprotection of central ner-vous system from injury.
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Ideological and political education and the education of medical ethics in medical students play dif -ferent decisive roles .However , there is a common point:they complement each other in content , similarities in the laws of education , synergy in the education effect .Playing the medical ethics education and ideological and politi-cal education to their respective strengths , keeping both in many aspects of the internal tension , is great signifi-cance and role for the training of modern medicine .
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Objective To investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ),nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) c-Rel and anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-xL in cultured Wistar rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R).Methods The rat cerebral cortical neurons were primarily cultured in vitro and a model of OGD/R was induced.The rats were divided into 7 groups:normal,OGD 4 h/R 6 h,OGD 4 h/R 12 h,OGD 4 h/R 6 h + PIO,OGD 4 h/R 6 h + PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 (TIO),OGD 4 h/R 12 h + PIO,and OGD 4 h/R 12 h + TIO groups.Western blot was used to detect the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel protein in neurons.Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of Bcl-xL mRNA in neurons.Results Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins after OGD/R were increased significantly compared to those of the normal group (P ＜0.01).After giving PIO,the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins were further increased,and they were significantly higher than those in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h and OGD 4 h/R 12 h groups (P ＜0.01),and after giving TIO,the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB c-Rel proteins were decreased,and they were significantly lower than those in the OGD/R group (P ＜0.05) and the corresponding PIO group (P ＜0.01).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression level of Bcl-xL mRNA in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P ＜0.01).The expression level of Bcl-xL mRNA in the PIO group was significantly higher than that in the OGD 4 h/R 6 h and OGD 4 h/R 12 h groups (P ＜0.01).After giving TIO,the expression of Bcl-xL mRNA was decreased.It was significantly lower than that in the OGD/R and corresponding PIO groups (P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions PIO can upregulate the expression of PPARγ protein in cultured cortical neurons after OGD/R,and then increase the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL mRNA of NF-κB c-Rel regulation.This may be the part mechanism of PPARγ neuroprotective effect.
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[Objective]To explore the effect of spinal cord injury(SCI) repair by peripheral nerve combined with activitied macrophages graft.[Method]Fistly the preparation of the activated macrophages and fabrication of the peripheral nerve were done.81 BALB/C mice were grouped in A,B,C,D groups randomly after their spinal cord were hemi-resected.20 mice of group A were dealed with activated macrophages graft;20 of group B were dealed with peripheral nerve graft;21 of group C were transplanted both two graftes;20 of group D were contral group.Each of the 4 groups was respectively divided into 3 subgroups randomly.7 of subgroup 1 were investigated by their restoration of the motor function and improvement of the somatosensory evoked potential(SEP).7 of subgroup 2 were tabken for histological examination.The spinal cords were fixed and cut into longitudinal frozen sections,and were immuneostained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The numbers of cells or neurofilaments were counted under microscope.6 of subgroup 3(7 of C3)were used as complement ones.All the results were recorded from 1 to 12 weeks postoperative and analyzed statistically using the SPSS 12.0 software package.[Result]The BBB scale and the SEP wave:there was a significant difference between group C1 and the other three groups,there was a significant difference between group A1,B1 and D1,too(ONE WAY ANOVA,P
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Objective:To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)subunits P50 and c-Rel protein in primary cortical neurons of Wistar rats at different time points of oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods:The neurons dissociated from the cortex of the neonatal rats were primary cultured and were identified by immunocytochemistry.OGD/R model was established.The study was divided into 6 groups according to different processing methods,including normal group,OGD 4 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 2 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 6 h treated,OGD 4 h/R 12 h treated and OGD 4 h/R 24 h treated groups.The expression of NF-?B P50 and c-Rel protein in neurons was examined by immunocytochemistry method and Western blotting.Results:(1)Immunocytochemistry detection targeting neuron specific enolase(NSE)and beta-Ⅲ tubulin confirmed that the cultured cells were neurons.(2)The expression of NF-?B P50 protein was significantly higher in OGD 4 h group than in control group(P
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The ancient Chinese medicine had a rich theoretical treasure of medical ethics,including the medical purpose of disease prevention,disease treatment for the sake and benefit of mankind,the academic attitude of extensive and sophisticated medical knowledge and skills among medical practitioners,and the moral requirement of fairness,modesty and prudent lofty quality,and so on.Although the current medical environment has changed a lot,theories of ancient medical ethics,which was formed based on the long time experience of ancient medical scientist during their medical practice,is still of great value for the construction of medical ethics in our country nowadays.
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Objective To study the inhibitory effects of circular dumbbell decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting NF-?B on TNF-? expression in cortical neurons under the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R).Methods The cultured neurons dissociated from the cortex of neonatal rats were observed on the 7th day after culture.To make the ischemia/reperfusion model in vitro,the neurons were exposed to OGD 4 h before cultured in normal culture media.The neurons were divided into 5 groups according to different processing methods 2 h before exposure to OGD,including normal group,OGD4 h/R6 h treated,NF-?B decoy ODNs treated,scrambled decoy ODNs treated and TransfastFastTM Transfection Reagent treated groups.The protein level of NF-?B P65 in primary neurons was detected by Western blotting.The protein and mRNA levels of TNF-? were detected by immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR,respectively.Results NF-?B decoy ODNs could effectively inhibit the expression levels of NF-?B P65 protein,TNF-? mRNA and protein in neurons(P